Ship’s
motions at sea
A vessel
under sea has two types of movements:
- Desired, to
move the ship from one point to another and get she achieves the objectives for
which was built
- Unwanted,
occurring mainly as a result of the waves and wind on the ship and causing
trouble, inconvenience and danger to the vessel, persons and cargo, so they try
to minimize them.
In this post
I will only refer to the second type of movements, motions, relating to ships sailing on
the surface.
The ship motion
in a 3D space is made up, like any other solid, of the motion of its center of
gravity and the movement or rotation around that point. The six possible motions,
summarised in the following table, consist of three translations and three
rotations, which refer respectively to the trajectory of the center of gravity
and the rotations around the main axes through
it. Names are given in Spanish and English languages.
Reference axis
|
Translations
|
Turns r/ ref. axis
|
Longitudinal x
|
surge (avance)
|
roll (balance
ó rolido)
|
Transversal y
|
sway (deriva)
|
pitch (cabeceo)
|
Vertical z
|
heave (arfada)
|
yaw (guiñada)
|
In the
following drawing the three axes are shown, for which the movements of
translation and rotation relate.